Solutions

Exploring More ls Flags

The -l flag makes ls use a long listing format, showing not only the file/directory names but also additional information such as the file size and the time of its last modification. The -h flag makes the file size "human readable", i.e. display something like 5.3K instead of 5369.

Listing Recursively and By Time

The files/directories in each directory are sorted by time of last change.

Absolute vs Relative Paths

1. No: . stands for the current directory.
2. No: / stands for the root directory.
3. No: Amanda's home directory is /Users/amanda.
4. No: this goes up two levels, i.e. ends in /Users.
5. Yes: ~ stands for the user's home directory, in this case /Users/amanda.
6. No: this would navigate into a directory home in the current directory if it exists.
7. Yes: unnecessarily complicated, but correct.
8. Yes: shortcut to go back to the user's home directory.
9. Yes: goes up one level.

Relative Path Resolution

1. No: there is a directory backup in /Users.
2. No: this is the content of Users/thing/backup, but with .. we asked for one level further up.
3. No: see previous explanation.
4. Yes: ../backup/ refers to /Users/backup/.

ls Reading Comprehension

1. No: pwd is not the name of a directory.
2. Yes: ls without directory argument lists files and directories in the current directory.
3. Yes: uses the absolute path explicitly.
4. Correct: see explanations above.